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Conceptualization |
Ideas, formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims. |
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Data curation |
Produce metadata, scrub data and maintain research data for initial use and later re-use. |
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Formal analysis |
Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze data. |
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Funding acquisition |
Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication. |
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Investigation |
Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the data collection. |
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Methodology |
Development or design of methodology; creation of models. |
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Project administration |
Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution. |
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Resources |
Provision of study materials, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools. |
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Software |
Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms. |
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Supervision |
Oversight for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team. |
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Validation |
Replication of results and other research outputs. |
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Visualization |
Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically data presentation. |
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Writing – original draft |
Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft. |
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Writing – review and editing |
Critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages. |